Business Investment Proposals Overall Investment

Question: Examine about the Business Investment Proposals for Overall Investment. Answer: Proposal to Mr. X dependent on above examination The general assessment of various kinds of venture recommendations, which could be introduced to Mr. X, may in the long run help in distinguishing the most ideal speculation opportunity. Also, the general speculation, which could be utilized by Mr. X, can be additionally assessed. Mr. X has consented to assign reserve of SGD 1.3 million to ENBL, which may help in improving its general come back from speculation and bolster his future undertakings. From going to the supper introduction, directed by AHPL the accompanying data was gathered by Mr. X. At the point when the main choice for speculation is viewed as then the arrival more than multi year time span would be 24%. Consequently, the yearly return can be viewed as 12%. The speculator Anson Home Pte Ltd would make interest in a settled German firm. APL has attached with German firm and it has the historical backdrop of giving great comes back to more than the times of eight years. The speculation has 100% protection security and all the privileges of the financial specialists would be completely ensured under the front of protection. The yearly return offered by the Anson Home Pte Ltd is 12%, so Mr. X would get toward the finish of first year. Return toward the finish of first year = 12% of 1.3 million = .156 and return toward the finish of the subsequent year would likewise be .156 and since the venture is made for the time of two years, the contributed sum would be returned toward the finish of the subsequent year. Here, the speculation proposition is satisfying the standards of being liberated from danger of cash and land however the arrival from venture relies upon the economy of the Germany so the arrival can't be viewed as certain in light of numerous reasons. Benefits of contributing: The Anson Ltd is offering higher pace of return of 24% inside a shorter range of time. There are no vulnerabilities in the German market and the financial specialist would not confront any land dangers. The financial specialist would likewise be completely secured under the protection inclusion strategy. Mr. X can make certain of the arrival with the exception of the concealed or unhappening possibilities that may emerge in the economy of the Germany. Faults of contributing: It is realized that the arrival from any venture isn't liberated from dangers. The normal come back from Anson Ltd isn't ensured. The arrival is additionally influenced by a few different factors, for example, political dangers and the political circumstance of any nation can change immediately. With the assistance of this data, Mr. X is enthused about putting resources into circumstances, which give a protection covering and exceptional yield. Also, the benefits and bad marks of putting resources into German firms the accompanying could be closed. Furthermore, the venture opportunity is worthwhile and could give the necessary return, which is required by Mr. X to help his future undertakings. In any case, the speculation opportunity fundamentally delineates significant yields, which could be delighted in by Mr. X on a solitary portfolio. Also, the general interest in single German firm may expand the hazard introduction of the portfolio, which thus may lessen come back from speculation. Moreover, the general open door could support Mr. X produce around 0.156 million in first year. This anticipated salary from speculation could in the long run help Mr. X to create the necessary come back from venture. Also, the primary confinement of venture is that the general expansion of Singapore for the most part ascends at 3% per annum, which may contrarily influence the yearly pay produced from speculation. Interest in Anson Home Pte Ltd and Everstrong National Bank Ltd could just give come back from speculation yet additionally increment the relative dangers. The choices to put resources into the given alternatives and it rely upon the inclination or nature of the financial specialist making the venture (Baker Ricciardi 2014). Besides, the general portfolio division, which is recommended by ENBL, is as per the following. Neighborhood stocks= 65% Bonds = 15% Outside stock = 15% Money and outside monetary standards equivalent= 5% The designation of benefit according to the above recommendation of the venture choice Resource designation for Mr. X, as prompted by Mr. Billy = (.65*1.3 + .15*1.3 + .15*1.3 + .05*1.3) = ( .845 + .195 + .195 + .65 ) Table 1: Depicting the portfolio development of Mr. X (Source: As referenced for the situation study) Additionally, the recommended portfolio the board fundamentally depicts the general return age, which may be produced for Mr. X by budgetary counsels in ENBL. Neighborhood stocks= 20% Bonds = 10% Outside stock = 45% Outside Fixed loan cost bonds = 20% Money and outside monetary forms equivalent= 5% The distribution of advantage according to the above suggestion of the venture alternative Resource distribution for Mr. X, as exhorted by Mr. Billy = (.20*1.3 + .10*1.3 + .45*1.3 + .20*1.3 + .05*1.3) = ( .26 + .13 + .585 + .26 + 0.065 ) Table 2: Suggesting the portfolio development of Mr. X (Source: As made by the creator) Likewise, with the assistance of table 2, the general new portfolio could be viably delineated for Mr. X, which may help in creating better yield from speculation. Moreover, the suggested venture opportunity may be useful in improving gainfulness of Mr. X. Besides, the proposed portfolio for the most part portrays an expansion in interest in remote values and fixed loan fee bonds, which may support Mr. X to produce higher income. Figure 1: Comparing the arrival from speculation (Source: ) Figure 2: Comparing the arrival of SP 500 record with Emerging business sector (Source: ) Furthermore, with the assistance of figure 1 and 2 the general return, which could be created from developing business sector than interest in created market could be viably assessed. Likewise, the arrangement of MR. X could build its presentation in remote developing business sector values to get a better yield from speculation. Additionally, the general hazard that may be created from value speculation could be successfully diminished from interest in financing cost bonds. These balanced hazard introduction to the portfolio may for the most part increment the general benefit from venture and diminish speculation chance. Pastry specialist Ricciardi (2014) referenced that with the assistance of compelling portfolio examination the general hazard from venture could be diminished, which thus may help in creating the necessary profit from speculation For the other hand, Bergin and Pyun (2016) reprimands that during a financial emergency the general venture investigation may lose its gri nding and hamper capital of the speculator. Likewise, it is monetarily compensating to make an interest in other economy and purchasing in the organization, which may give the lift required to accomplish the budgetary objectives. There are a ton of dangers and vulnerabilities engaged with putting resources into remote organization. Nonetheless, putting resources into a bank would be more secure as it is ensured by the approved body and mostly in light of the fact that it is making an interest in the differentiated portfolio. Mr. X would be prescribed to make his accessible store to put resources into Ever solid National Bank Ltd. in any case, the pace of return isn't as high in the earlier alternative however the arrival is relied upon to develop on a normal of 7%-12%. There are dangers engaged with making such speculation yet it is lesser than making interest in Anson Ltd. This is on the grounds that , the hazard related with causing venture with the national bank to can be relieved by actualizing the apparatus of benefit ass ignment where the extent of cash put resources into a specific protections is modified according to the exhibition of the stocks in the portfolio. The hazard can likewise be moderated and the arrival is augmented by building the arrangement of such resources whose arrival isn't related. At the point when the portfolio isn't producing acceptable return, at that point it very well may be rebalanced by including and barring the advantages, which is influencing the presentation of the portfolio. Reference and Bibliography: Dough puncher, H. K., Ricciardi, V. (2014).Investor conduct: The brain research of money related arranging and contributing. John Wiley Sons. Bergin, P. R., Pyun, J. H. (2016). Worldwide portfolio enhancement and multilateral impacts of correlations.Journal of International Money and Finance,62, 52-71. Cumming, D., Helge Ha, L., Schweizer, D. (2014). Key resource allotment and the job of option investments.European Financial Management,20(3), 521-547. Dolvin, S. D. (2016). Resource Allocation, Risk Tolerance and Shortfall Risk. Hermes, N., Lensink, R. (2013).Financial turn of events and financial development: hypothesis and encounters from creating nations. Routledge. Kashyap, A. (2014). Capital Allocating Decisions: Time Value of Money.Asian Journal of Management,5(1), 106-110. Shim, J. (2013). Bank capital cushion and portfolio hazard: The impact of business cycle and income diversification.Journal of Banking Finance,37(3), 761-772. Treynor, J. L. (2016). Long haul Investing.Financial Analysts Journal,72(4), 7-10.

Marketing design Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Promoting plan - Case Study Example Michael E. Watchman recommends that organizations must scan for a feasible upper hand, which originates from building up an unmistakable method of contending (Goett, 1999). As a component of the advertising system for the oxygen bar, strategies for separating it as a particular brand will be tended to. Populace development and changing socioeconomics are instances of social patterns that can affect deals (Nickels et al, 2005). As a component of an efficient PESTLE examination, the distinguishing proof of outside elements straightforwardly influencing the achievement of the oxygen bar has uncovered a few pertinent issues that could decidedly affect its endurance inside the market. It may be contended that oxygen bars are a socio-social pattern towards better wellbeing, as oxygen has been said to support vitality, elevate focus, lessen pressure and detoxify the blood (Davis, 2003). The real impacts of frequenting the oxygen bar are socially free, implying that those people who have utilized the bars have discovered diverse individual fulfillments with respect to oxygen value for wellbeing and prosperity. Notwithstanding, understanding that oxygen bar notoriety has been on the expansion comprehensively, comparative outside social elements towards better, solid living may well effect a solid client devotion to the administration. In the mid-term, it is conceivable that new advancements in wellbeing related, proficient research may show an alternate social pattern towards wellbeing activities, nullifying positive customer impression of oxygen adequacy. It may be contended that buyer inclinations vary intermittently, in any case, an individual need just observer broad writing accessible on UK wellbeing studies to picture a developing pattern in better wellbeing mindfulness. In this manner, in the mid-term, no sensational changes Oxygen Bar 4 in socio-social qualities with respect to client cessation of the oxygen bar idea are envisioned. Monetary variables, for the time being, don't really influence the continuous achievement of the Andrews Adult School Oxygen Bar as the estimating structure for the administration will be kept at serious levels. Estimating will be talked about later in the examination, however it has been resolved that the bar will be kept up at a reasonable level, taking into account a more extensive market to be focused for bar promotions. From a network viewpoint, the oxygen bar will open new position openings (particularly for the grounds understudy populace) and may be acknowledged for its positive financial effect on the network. In the mid-term, accepting the oxygen bar keeps up a degree of business and benefit accomplishment in the network, progressing financial effects could incorporate more openings for work to staff the business due

Does the Law of Torts consist of a fundamental general principle that Assignment

Does the Law of Torts comprise of a key general rule that it is illegitimate to make hurt different people in the abse - Assignment Example Improvements in precedent-based law bolster the last point of view. Prior cases on carelessness upheld the main view however last patterns in statute fortified the subsequent viewpoint. A center guideline in tort law is the non-materiality of plan or thought process. The reason for this rule is the anticipation of the threat presented in leaving the jury with the duty of deciding the risk of the litigant dependent on their perspectives towards the appropriateness or unfairness of the defendant’s thought processes, particularly since it is hard to decide the intentions of the respondent. (Cohen and Cohen 211) This rule created from a few cases. In The Mayor of Bradford v. Pickles, the court held that an inappropriate or even vindictive thought process that causes harm however isn't illegal isn't noteworthy. The court dismissed the case of the offended parties in light of the fact that occupying underground water, paying little mind to goal, is inside the property privileges of the respondent and in this way lawful. A similar rule has been repeated in Allen v. Flood and Abbott v. Sullivan. Non-materiality of aim corresponds with the subsequent point of view. The main point of view communicates the general guideline on tort obligation subject just to nullification by a defense or reason. ... The inquirer needs to concentrate on demonstrating that the activity of the respondent falls under the noteworthy demonstrations. The demonstration itself is material and the expectation isn't, so the subsequent point of view lines up with the rule of non-materiality of purpose. The law of torts include a lot of decides that set up specific sorts of mischief or injury. All things considered, risk for tort possibly follows when the activity of the litigant is demonstrated to fall inside this arrangement of rules. (Cohen and Cohen 211) Chapter 32 of the Torts Act 1977 characterizes the activities considered as unfair obstruction with merchandise, which are â€Å"(1) transformation of products, (2) trespass to nourishments, (3) carelessness that outcomes in harm to merchandise or to an enthusiasm for products, and (4) subject to area 2, some other torts so far as it brings about harms or to an interest†. The Occupier’s Liability Acts of 1956 and 1984 portrays the base obli gation of care towards people’s wellbeing of an occupier (for example retailer, land inhabitant), who welcomes others into the premises or has trespassers. Tort law arrangements set the inclusion of significant wrongs to the exception of every single revealed activity. Risk doesn't collect for activities not falling under the types of unfair obstruction with products and obligation of care towards people’s security isn't enforceable in different conditions separated based on what was portrayed by law. All things considered, tort law communicates the second viewpoint since it includes a lot of explicit guidelines refering to hurtful movement to the prohibition of different acts. The particular guidelines in tort law necessitate that the essential inquiry posed is whether the injury asserted by the offended party falls inside the particular types of unsafe action (Cohen and Cohen 211). Once more, this communicates the subsequent point of view. In the event that tort

Air Ways Operation and Design Essay - 3300 Words

Air Ways Operation and Design (Research Paper Sample) Content: Air Ways Operation and Design(Name)Institution  Cover LetterThe Griffith Aviation SystemThe Honourable Lua Seta, DFCMinister for Civil Aviation,Vanudonia Government,PO Box 747,Latipac VANUDONIA. Dear Hon Mr. Lua Seta,RE: PROPOSED UPGRADE OF NATIONS AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTAfter a thorough review by The Aviators research Group on the current situation Vanudonia Air Traffic management, our staff has recommended an upgrade for the nations ATM system. The recommended upgrade will assist in coming up with solutions to the problems facing the air system in the country. From the report on the proposed amendments on the ATM system for the country, the main issues of concern are the putting up of new technologies which are absent in the current system. This idea was proposed because it was found out that the Vanudonia country does not make use of technology in its air systems; therefore, leading to some of these problems. On the other hand, the proposed upgrade also address es issues related to safety and staff management because; these are the major areas, which require full intervention as they are the main supporters of the air system.The proposal addresses the following changes on Vanudonia ATM system. The first proposal is the classification and configuration of Vinudonians airspace to align with those currently in use by the Australian airspace with exceptional of class E airspace. Secondly, the proposal will come up with new technologies aimed at overcoming the present shortcomings of Vanudonias ATM system to cater for the increasing population in next 10 to 15 years. The third issue is on the air route structure. This proposal wishes to come up with amendments that allow an increase in capacity, better separation and elimination of safety concerns caused by the current ATM system. The fourth proposal concerns the revision of ATS facility incorporating new systems and technologies that will allow efficient use of present staff. The staff of Grif fith Aviation System would like to give special thanks to you, the honourable minister, and the Vanudonia country for giving us this chance to offer our services. Yours sincerely, Griffith Aviation System.Executive SummaryThe report aims at devising a plan to overcome the inefficiencies of the hypothetical Air Traffic Management (ATM) system in Vanudonia, South Pacific. The Nations airways system experiences many problems ranging from operations to technical services. The report; therefore, discusses how Griffith Aviation System, following the requirements of the Vanudonias Minister for Civil Aviation, The Honorable Lua Seta, DFC, plans to upgrade the system. Firstly, the airspace classification and configuration is to resemble the current Australian airspace model. Secondly, the upgrade entails utilization of the new technologies to overcome present shortcomings and come up with a solution to cope with traffic for the next 10-15 years. Thirdly, the air route structure will be acces sed for possible amendments to provide solutions to capacity, separation and safety issues. Finally, the upgrade will entail establishment of new Air Traffic System (ATS) facilities and where possible, increase in the current staff. In an effort to implement the above plans, the company wishes to come up with a description of the recommended airspace re-structure, which includes various classifications, like classes A, B, C, and D; airspace types, like CTR, CTA, OCA; and the recommended upper and lower limits. In addition, the plan will show details of any new CNS technologies required in addition to the present ones. On the other hand, the report will suggest any change that is appropriate for the improvement of the air route system functioning, and recommendations for the new ATS units together with increases in staff. Table of contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc303860537"
Executive summary  PAGEREF _Toc303860537 \h
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1.0 Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc303860538 \h
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2.0 Background  PAGEREF _Toc303860539 \h
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2.1 Geography  PAGEREF _Toc303860540 \h
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2.2 Aerodromes  PAGEREF _Toc303860541 \h
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2.3 ATS facilities and staff  PAGEREF _Toc303860543 \h
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2.4 Route structure  PAGEREF _Toc303860544 \h
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3.0 Proposal and upgrades  PAGEREF _Toc303860546 \h
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4.0 Proposal and implementation  PAGEREF _Toc303860547 \h
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4.1 Air space classification and configuration  PAGEREF _Toc303860548 \h
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4.2 The new technology for enhancing capability and safety of the FIR  PAGEREF _Toc303860549 \h
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4.3 Air Route Structure Amendment  PAGEREF _Toc303860550 \h
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4.4 Staff Management and Safety procedures  PAGEREF _Toc303860551 \h
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5.0 Conclusion  PAGEREF _Toc303860552 \h
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6.0 References  PAGEREF _Toc303860553 \h
221.0 IntroductionThe Air Traffic Management an important aspect in the development of a classic air system. In countries, like Australia, where the air traffic management system is well advanced, there is an improvement in the means of air transport and do not experience many problems as compared to other nations. The Australian Air services are responsible for the operations of Australian Flight Information Region covering an area of 19,995,070 square nautical miles, which is approximately 11% of the worlds total airspace. This corporation is responsible for giving information related to air traffic and navigational services together with the aeronautical information necessary for both domestic and internatio nal aviation. The figure below shows the location of Australian FIR, which lies at latitude from 20 to 900 south, and longitude from 750 to 1630 east. The South Pacific nation, Vanudonia is facing a problem of air transport inefficiencies due to the low class airport therefore, requires upgrade to meet the standards like those of Australian airspace model (Airservices Australia, 2010).In connection to these, the Griffith Aviation System secures the contract to upgrade their Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. This nations airways system is experiencing many challenges in both operational and technical departments. In order to address the matter, the report will cover the plan to overcome these inconveniences present in Vanudonia that include airspace restructuring, the new technologies, air route improvement, and the safety management including increasing the staff.Map 1: Background information on Vanudonia Flight Information Region2.0 Background2.1 GeographyVanudonia Flight Infor mation Region (FIR) measures 2000nm, a square with the island nation of Vanudonia in the centre. The bordering nations are Brisbane FIR to the west, the Nadi (Fiji) FIR to the north, the Auckland FIR to the south and Honululu FIR to the east. Vanudonia FIR is almost cicular in shape with an average diameter of 750 nm. Latipac (LAC) is the capital located at the centre, the nations busy seaport Ruobrah (RAH) on the coast to north-west, and the resort area, Yadiloh (YOH) on the east coast. Vanudonia nation gets most of its income from tourism and a copper mine located at Tucnepo (TPO), half distance between Ruobrah and Latipac. It also contains a mountain range running parallel to the east coast and 30 nm inland from Yadiloh, as the only significant geographical feature. Figure 1 shows the Vanudonia geography.
Map 2: Location of Vanudonia FIR East CoastFigure 1: Geography2.2 Aerodromes The aerodromes are located at LAC, RAH and YOH. LAC can accept heavy jets like; B747, DC10 , and B767, while RAH and YOH accommodates B737 type aircraft. A new aerodrome at TPO serves the copper mine, and the neighboring towns. It accepts aircrafts of up to 7500 kgs AUW. The four aerodromes have single runways. Some tourist islands off the east coast have grass airstrips suitable for STOL aircraft.  B737 Under construction B737 (B747, DC10, and B767) Airstrip STOL East CoastFigure 2: Aerodromes (shown in blue)2.3 ATS facilities and staff LAC and RAH are controlled aerodromes with control towers.LAC has three controllers managed by the staff. The first controller performs Service Movement Control (SMC), the other acts as aerodrome control (ADC) and departure/approach control (DEP/APP), while the third is the enroute control (ENR). One controller staff the RAH tower, acting on SMC, ADC and DEP/APP functions. The ADC/DEP/APP controllers in the two towers control the zones at LAC and RAH, and the surrounding controlled airspace up to 1000 feet. Communication is between aircrafts as there are no services in the non-controlled airspace. ATC clears the aircrafts landing and taking off. The YOH aerodrome has no ATS facility therefore, the nations international airline, Donia-Air, provides the ground communication officer to give information on incoming flights. There is no ground facility at TPO thus the information is provided to aircraft intending to use the aerodrome related to weather reports.  B737 Control tower 1  Tower 3 B737

Globalization, complexity and sustainability Free Essay Example, 2250 words

The Tata Group’s mission is reflected in the Tata Core Values of integrity, understanding, excellence, unity, and responsibility. The vision to achieve this mission is to grow aggressively in focused business areas. The latest strategic vision of the Tata Group was developed by Current Chairman and CEO, Sir Ratan N. Tata or RNT, the founder’s grandson, who led the company successfully venture into telecommunications, financial services, oil exploration, and biotechnology. The plan included the professionalisation of management, human resource development, and information technology. An important and relevant part of the plan was the design and production of an automobile priced at 1-lakh (100,000 Rupees or  £1,200). Car production, which began in 1998, reached 1 million in 2007. Tata therefore has an over-all strategic growth plan, but is the company delivering a sustainable competitive advantage? The answer becomes clearer after an analysis of the firm’s resources. An internal analysis of Tata Group’s strengths and weaknesses allows an evaluation of the value, rarity, and imitability of resources and whether it has the appropriate organisational structure using the VRIO framework. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization, complexity and sustainability or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now An external analysis of the opportunities and threats of the Tata Group would be done using the structure-conduct-performance (S-C-P) framework. Using these frameworks allows a better understanding of the firm’s past, present, and future business performance using the SWOT-PEST model to summarise the findings. Strengths: (1) Tata name, success and experience; (2) decisive and leader CEO; (3) global business reach; (4) competent workers from top management to factory floor; (5) investments in research and development, human resources management, and process technologies; (6) strong brand power in India; (7) profitability; (8) Tata Core Values; and, (9) diversification (needs a deeper study on the correlation of the seven business sectors). Weaknesses: (1) high level of risk-taking of management; (2) slow decision-making at several parts of the conglomerate; (3) weak brand image outside India; and (4) potential risks from being in too many businesses that might be similarly affected by the business cycle (e. g., a recession in India could affect several business sectors at the same time, leading to huge losses, in automo tive, consumer goods, and services; see Strengths no. 9 above). Opportunities: (1) growing domestic market; (2) India’s high rate of economic growth; (3) growing global market; (4) global economic growth; and (5) its home country is a low-cost production base with a large skilled labour force.

Prescription Drugs And Its Effects On The Body - 1500 Words

A drug is a substance that has a physiological effect on the body when it interacts with the body. Prescription drugs are drugs that can only be dispensed legally when a valid form of presentation from the proper authorities, such as doctors and physicians, is given. In today’s society the non-medical use of prescription drugs is a commonly recognized public health issue. Young impressionable adults are particularly vulnerable to misunderstanding how these drugs are to be used. (Pickover, Messina, Correia, Garza, Murphy, 2016). In addition to the large amount of misuse of these drugs, the cost of the drugs for those that need it is constantly increasing. Advertising prescription drugs can be considered a factor which leads to the misuse of prescription drugs, the climbing costs of the drugs and misleading and misinforming consumers. However there are benefits of advertising these prescription drugs as well. Should prescription drugs be advertised directly to consumers? 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The Media Governance and the Public Sphere Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the Media Governance and the Public Sphere. Answer: Introduction: The international environment as well as economy is changing rapidly due to globalization, competition and technology. Singapore, like many other nations, is reinventing itself in this era of globalization. It formulated and implemented policies for integrating and utilizing the multicultural ethnicity and multidimensional creativity of the people. The new age arts, technology and business have become the competitive advantage for Singapore. These lay the foundation for developing a creative economy (Cunningham 2013). Creative cluster is the main contributor for making a creative economy. It is defined as the industries that are based on individual skills and talents and exploitation of intellectual property. The three main creative industries are arts and culture, Media and Design. The contribution of the creative cluster is between 2.8% to 3.2% of GDP in Singapore. It has employee strength of approximately 72,000 in 8000 enterprises (Kong 2012). Review of creative cluster The objective of Singapore is to develop a sustainable and effervescent creative cluster to promote the growth of the nation as a creative economy. It generates value directly, along with that, it helps in innovation and diversification of businesses. According to Prof. Richard Florida, the main aspect of creativity is that, it is multidimensional. It is of various types: technological i.e. invention; economic i.e. entrepreneurship and artistic and cultural. These are different in nature but at the same time interconnected. The integration of arts, business and technology leads to development of new scopes for creative economy. Since the growth rate of creative clusters is higher compared to the overall economy, it can be said that the individual intellectual properties are the driving forces behind this growth rate. However, it is much less compared to other developed countries such as, UK, U.S.A. and Australia. The reasons for lagging behind can be addressed through the SWOT analys is (Cunningham 2013). The objectives of the strategies are to create awareness of the economic potential of such industries and define and measure the impact of these, research on the main issues and challenges arriving with the growth, foster collaboration among the private and public sectors to promote the growth of the creative sector, promote and implement policies (Kong 2012). The problems of the scope for creative clusters are as follows (Oswin 2012): The limited size of the domestic market forces the creative cluster of Singapore to adopt a global approach. The creative industries often face financing issue. The lack of industry specific knowledge of the financial companies and venture capitalists, lack of business know-how of the creative sector, high numbers of self employed and small businesses in the creative sector, and the possibility of intangible or long term returns often create problems for getting the adequate financing for the businesses. Singapore needs to shake off the image of overregulated city, because creativity flourishes in a place where there is more tolerance level for diverse ideas and more freedom to perform experimentation. Singapore government invested more than $1 billion in infrastructure for arts. However, the software technology and industry needs adequate investment too. It should spend money to create an international creative hub to promote the creative sector of the country. The threats of this industry can be derived from the SWOT analysis too. The international competition in this sector is on the rise, especially in the last decade. All other developing countries are investing money on their creative clusters to attain full economic value and the sector is growing giving hard competition to Singapore. The creative hubs of New York, London and San Francisco are much more developed and competitive than the hub of Singapore. Hence, the local talents in the industry are moving to those developed hubs. Singapore is facing the creative brain drain due to underdeveloped creative cluster. To develop the creative industries of Singapore, Creative Industries Working Group (CIWG) recommended that a national approach should be followed. It should involve all the entities of the country such as, ministries, statutory boards, educational institutes, businesses, technology companies, public and private investors and financial institutions. However, Ministry of Trade and Industry (MIT) should lead the developmental programs (Navera 2013). Policy review of Renaissance City CIWG has put forward some industry specific recommendations (Comunian and Ooi, 2016): Renaissance City 2.0 making Singapore a highly creative, innovative and multitalented international city of arts and culture; Design Singapore an international business and cultural hub for designing products, contents and services where design consciousness and creativity are the primary focus; Media 21 An international media city, which has a prosperous media system based in Singapore with global extensions To follow these recommendations, certain measures should be taken: Embedding the arts, design and media at all education levels: To bring out the creative talents of the people, learning tools of arts, design and media should be introduced at all education levels. Moreover, there should be more passionate and learned teachers to guide the people in the creative direction. Establishment of flagship university program for art, design and media: A flagship program at the National University of Singapore should be introduced in collaboration with leading global institutions to train the students in creative aspects. Establishment of a media laboratory: Singapore should plan for the establishment of a media laboratory with international partners to nurture the talents of the researchers for conducting research on innovating services and applications (Wong 2012). The Renaissance City 2.0 report throws some light on the economic performance of the arts and culture of Singapore, and the challenges faced by this sector. In 2000, the arts and cultural activities added around $470 million in the GDP from $43 million in 1986 (Department of Statistics). It has a multiplier effect of 1.66 which is significantly higher than 1.4 of the banking industry and 1.35 of petrochemical industry. Moreover, it is the artistic center of the creative cluster, and hence, it is directly linked with the economic activities and achievements of the overall sector. Furthermore, this sector promotes the attractiveness of Singapore to the international talents. It is very important to draw global attention in order to achieve recognition in the international market. Hence, Singapore must put effort to make it more attractive through the enhancement of arts and culture (Woon 2012). Critique: The Singapore Tourism Board (STB), National Library Board (NLB) and National Arts Council (NAC) are responsible for the development of arts and culture sector. The STB has taken it in the tourism angle while the other two has taken it in the nonprofit angle. This difference has become outdated and is not reflective of the complexities of the interdependence of profitable and nonprofit arts. However, when the nonprofit arts comprises of a public good, it works closely with the commercial counterparts. Thus, all these sectors must work together to bring out the economic potential of the arts and culture (Lim 2014). The problems of this policy are: Lack of investments in software results in inadequacy of bringing out the full potential of the economy. To enhance the creative talents, there has to be enough investments in the softwares to develop the international creative hubs. Small domestic market often discourages the improvement of the arts and cultural sector due to less demand. Local organizations must also contribute to expand the ways for this sector. High cost of business is a key issue in Singapore. The cost of rentals or lease is very high which discourages the organizations to promote arts and culture. Hence, incentives are required to make Singapore viable for potential businesses. Low levels of private sector partnership and sponsorship in Singapore is another problem for promoting arts and cultural events. The levels of partnerships and sponsors for such events must be increased. There are scopes for this policy to prosper. Singapore can promote the brand Singapore and can utilize the cultural tourism, fusion entertainment and its closeness to the huge Asian market and the cultural resources of South East Asia to achieve success of the Renaissance City developmental policy. Hence, maximization of the existing and new arts infrastructure potential through the development of softwares and integration of business and people can lead to a successful formation of the Renaissance City (Spieser et al. 2014). Review of design Singapore strategy Singapore must enhance itself as a center for contemporary designs to increase its competitiveness in the global market. A taskforce comprising of Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts, International Enterprise Singapore, NHB, MTI, NAC and Economic Development Board have been given the responsibility of promoting the designing excellence of Singapore to the world. The key recommendations are: Integrating design in the enterprises; establishing National Design Agency; and nurturing a flourishing design community (Wood and Dovey 2015). The strengths and opportunities of this agenda consist of many factors such as; the sophisticated market and English speaking population. Along with those, the integration of attractive designs and public services, such as beautification of public attractions; innovating and redesigning of the global products using technological expertise and industrial and research infrastructure, efforts towards making Singapore a design hub; and introducing New Asia branding in an unique and exportable style in the sectors of food, beverages, hospitality, retail and entertainment service sectors can push the creative sector forward (Chuluunbaatar, Luh, and Kung 2014). The challenges are: The organizations more often do not consider the designing excellence as a sustainable planning advantage for unique products. The design capabilities are mostly imported rather than utilizing the local talents. The elements of design industry are in place but the efforts for consolidating are fragmented. Hence, the local talents are not used to develop the designing excellence of the nation to meet the competitive needs. The design activities are not fully realized in the country, hence, the full value of products and services, designed in Singapore, is not captured. There is lack of multidisciplinary design education which leads to a shortage of professionals who can place the designs more strategically to integrate the business, technological, sociological and aesthetic concerns. The awareness of the people regarding using a good and effective design and its impact on every aspect of life is very low. More persuasive design culture is not that much evident in Singapore. The vision for design Singapore is to make it a global hub for designing products, services and contents by applying the design consciousness of people. The policies have some positive outcomes such as; it has become one of the leading centers for contemporary designs in Asia. It is now attracting local and global talents to work here, promoting innovative design companies, and being a provider of creative design education. It has also helped to create a brand Singapore in the global market by attaching the label designed in Singapore. Moreover, the local companies have become more competitive and have gained advantages from the design excellence and there is a pervasive design culture in the country by raising the awareness level for effective designing (Howlett 2014). Review of policies for media city and collaborative strategy Key drivers of growth of media industry are increasing demand for knowledge from both regional and international market, information and demand for entertainment (Ramos, Suzanna and Gerard 2014). Singapore media industry is prospective to contribute in the growth of the economy. However, this industry faces shortage in finance, scarcity of required talent, rising regional competition, limited domestic market for media, drawing out of resources such as talent and investment by regional media industry. Media 21 envisages Singapore as a global media city. Media 21 has developed some key strategies such as development of State-of-art media city, positioning Singapore as Media exchange, export content made in Singapore, augmentation of media talent pool and fostering a supportive regulatory environment and culture. Policy of developing media cities have been taken with the aim of marketing the production of Singapore based media industry in the global platform and to pool talent from international media industries. The objective of the strategy is to develop a cluster around the media hub, where supportive industries would be building up to support media industry of Singapore. As discussed by Pernice and Raffaele (2016), impact of globalization helps to develop an urban area unto modern cities through cluster of different other industries having forward and backward linkages. Therefore, creative industry has significant impact on the development of metropolitan cities and on economic growth. It is recommended that government has to take initiative to adopt collaborative strategy for the development of cluster of creative industry. However, government and private companies both need to take initiative to support this industry. Government support may help to mitigate finance crisis faced by this industry (Oi and Kay Kok Chung 2015). As recommended by media 21, promoting applied research in the digital media can be effective policy. As discussed by Cho et al. (2016), investment in research and development is the effective way to bring innovation in this industry. Digitalization of this sector is supportive to bring competitive advantage in Singapore media industry. Technological advancement makes the media industry more creative (Comunian, Roberta, and Can-Seng Ooi 2016). Hence, the initiative of setting up MITs media lab is potent for this industry. Second strategy was to position Singapore as a Media exchange. This recommendation can enable the country to exploit media copyright and acquisition. Recommendations for tax break in this respect are effectual for this industry. Chang, Sharon, and Renuka Mahadevan (2014) cited that tax break encourages external media sector or financial companies to invest in this country or develop a media hub in Singapore. Establishment of Media Loan Fund with private companies is competent decision as the funds are available at competitive rate, which might be helpful in capitalize the Singapore media industry. Although Tan and Jeffery (2014) advocated for government funding, private sector participation in the finance market can make the availability of loan more competitive. Third recommendation of attracting venture capital is thus rational initiative. However, media business should not rely totally on venture capitalist. Funds can be collected from different sources with minimum cost. The fourth recommendation is to encourage companies to obtain copy rights and intellectual property rights registration in Singapore. Copyrights are essential to protect the ownership of creativity and talent recognition (Kong 2012). Talent evolution can be functional in establishing media sector of Singapore in the international market. Recommendation for promoting media marketing can be possible arranging trade shows, establishing partnership with international companies (Freeman et al. 2016). Although this strategy is pragmatic, arranging and hosting trade shows requires support from investors. Last strategy is to export media content, which is Singapore based. This policy is effective in developing strong art base and culture in the economy (Lee and Terence 2014). Appreciation of creativity of Singapore art in the international market enhances the opportunity of growth of the industry. Conclusion It can be concluded that all these strategies and recommendations can be implemented and effective. However, proper infrastructure is required to establish and place Singapore media and cultural industry in the international market. Collaboration of both government and private companies is required for successful implementation of the recommended policies. Finance is required for infrastructure development and to educational programme for knowledge formation in this creative sector. Investment in research and development is required to bring innovation in this industry. Cluster of creative industries around the recommended media hub is expected to facilitate media industry. References: Chang, Sharon, and Renuka Mahadevan. "Fad, fetish or fixture: contingent valuation of performing and visual arts festivals in Singapore."International journal of cultural policy20, no. 3 (2014): 318-340. Cho, Im Sik, Quyen Duong, and Ivan Nasution. 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